Elementary
Unit 13 - Cantents Page
Unit 13 Dialogues - Some/Any
1.
Do you have any coffee?
No, I don't, but I've got some tea. Do you want some?
Yes, please.
Do you want a cookie too?
Sure, I love cookies.
-----
2.
I'm really hungry. Let's eat.
OK. I've got some chicken in the refrigerator, do you want some?
Yea, that sounds great.
I've also got some tacos in the cupboard, and there's an apple pie as well.
Do you have any juice?
Sure, it's over there. Help yourself.
-----
3.
It's Mum's birthday next week. Let's get her a present.
OK. How about some perfume?
Well, she doesn't have any. She doesn't use it.
So how about some clothes or a watch?
That's a good idea, but I don't know her size.
Let's just buy a gift voucher. Then she can choose her own present.
Great idea!
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Key Vocabulary
any
coffee
some
tea
I've got = I have
cookie
refrigerator
taco
cupboard
birthday
get
present
perfume
use
watch
size
gift voucher
then
choose
Grammar
1. Quantifiers - Some / Any
Quantifiers are words that show how much there is of something - they show quantity. Numbers for example are also quantifiers.
Some
Some is used to show an indefinite quantity, the exact number is not important. It is used in affirmative statements, for example:
- I have some books.
- She wants some apples.
Some is also in questions, but only when you think the answer will be "Yes". For example:
- Do you have some paper? (I hope the answer is "Yes")
- Would you like some French fries? ( I expect the answer is "Yes")
Any
Any is used in negative statements. For example:
- I don't have any money.
- There aren't any taxis near here.
Any is also generally used in questions, especially when we expect the answer to be "No". for example:
- Do you have any paper? (I expect the answer will probably be "No")
- Is there any time to go to the doctor's? ( I think there probably isn't time).
This can however look and sound awkward, so you can sometimes just use ' instead. For example with names:
Thomas's book, Tess's house can also be Thomas' book, Tess' house.
Some and any are often used like articles for plural nouns. A/an is used for singular countable nouns, and some/any can be used for plural noun, countable or uncountable. For example:
I have a newspaper, some newspapers, and some money.
"A newspaper" is a singular countable noun so uses a, "newspapers" is a plural countable nouns so uses some, and money is an uncountable noun so also uses some.
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Grammar Exercises
Complete the sentences using some and any.
Example: She wants some apples.
1. I have soda.
2. We don't have milk.
3. Ben's very busy. He doesn't have time.
4. She wants to buy books.
5. Let's listen to music.
6. Do you have pets?
7. Yes, I have .
8. We need fruit and vegetables for dinner.
9. Rachel meets friends at the weekend.
10. They don't have coffee.
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Grammar Exercises 2
Complete the sentences using some and any.
Example: She wants some apples.
1. Do you have orange juice?
No, I don't, but I have grape juice. Do you want ?
Yes, please. I'm really thirsty.
4. Let's make spaghetti.
OK, what do we need?
We need pasta, meat, and sauce.
Do we need tomatoes?
That's a good idea. Let's put mushrooms and cheese as well. They taste really good!
----------
Dialogue Exercises
Example: My name is Jeremy.
1.
Do you have coffee?
No, I don't, but I've got tea. Do you want ?
Yes, please.
Do you want a cookie too?
Sure, I love cookies.
2.
I'm really hungry. Let's eat.
OK. I've got some in the refrigerator, do you want some?
Yea, that sounds great.
I've also got some tacos in the cupboard, and there's an pie as well.
Do you have juice?
Sure, it's over there. Help yourself.
3. It's Mum's next week. Let's get her a present.
OK. How about some perfume?
Well, she doesn't have . She doesn't use it.
So how about some clothes or a watch?
That's a good idea, but I don't her size.
Let's just buy a gift voucher. Then she can choose her own .
Great idea!
Unit 14 - Contents Page
Quantifiers - Much/Many/A
Unit 14 Dialogues - Much/Many/A
1.
We need to go shopping.
I don't think so, we've got a lot of food here.
We don't have much milk or bread, and we don't have much water.
Oh, OK. Lets go shopping this evening.
-----
2.
How's your university?
It's great. I have lots of friends and there are a lot of great professors. I don't have much money, but that's OK. Also I'm really busy these days, so I don't have much time.
Are you enjoying it?
Sure, it's going well.
-----
3.
How many students are in your class?
We don't have many students, just eight.
That's great! You can study a lot.
Right. And I can talk to the teacher a lot as well. That's good.
Do you have many friends in your class?
Yes, I go out with them a lot.
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Key Vocabulary
shopping
think
a lot of
much
milk
bread
shopping
evening
new
university
friends
professors
busy
these days
class
many
right
go out
Grammar
1. Quantifiers - Much / Many / A Lot of
Quantifiers are words that show how much there is of something - they show quantity. Much, many, and a lot of indicate a large quantity of something, for example "I have a lot of milk" means I have a large quantity of milk.
Much
Much is used with uncountable nouns, and is generally used in negative statements and questions. It's uncommon to use much in positive statements. For example:
- I don't have much money.
- Do you have much time?
- "I have much time." This sounds unusual.
Many
Many is used with plural countable nouns, and is often used in negative statements and questions. It is also used in positive statements however. For example:
- I don't have many apples.
- Do you have many friends?
- Many people come here in summer.
Much and many can be used in affirmative statements, but give a more formal meaning. For example:
- He has many good friends from
Much and many often appear in short answers. For example:
- Do you see your family much?
- No, not much.
A lot of
A lot of is used with uncountable and countable nouns, and is generally used for affirmative statements. For example:
- I have a lot of friends.
- I have a lot of time.
A lot of is also used in questions, especially when you expect a positive response. Although it is often said that much and many are used for questions, we usually use them for questions which expect a negative response. For example:
- Do you want a lot of pizza?
I expect you want to eat a lot.
- Do you want much pizza?
This sounds unusual, as though I expect you don't want to eat much.
Lots of can be used in the same way as a lot of, often in informal speech. For example:
- I have lots of time.
- I have a lot of time.
How much / many?
How much is used to ask about the price of something. For example:
- How much is it?
- How much is that dog in the window?
How much and How many are used to ask about quantity. For example:
- How much money do you have?
- How many apples does he have?
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Grammar Exercises
Complete the sentences.. Use much, many, a lot of or lots.
Example: They eat a lot of apples.
1. We have oranges.
2. We don't have bananas, and we don't have fruit juice.
3. Do you have any cereal?
Sure, there's in the kitchen.
4. How is this? It's ten dollars.
5. How do you want? Six, please.
6. He's very busy, he has work.
7. David has rice, but
8.
Grammar Exercises 2
Complete the sentences. Use much, many, a lot of or lots.
Example: lot of apples a they eat - They eat a lot of apples.
1. much rice how want do you?
2. many sandwiches want you do how?
3. pizza a lot people of like
4. you have much don't time
5. a lot of nice clothes has she
6. John a lot of things has his bag in
7. tea much don't I drink
8. much homework how do have you?
9. sleep babies lot a
10. writes a lot letters of Lisa
Dialogue Exercises
Example: My name is Jeremy.
1.
We need to go shopping.
I don't think so, we've got food here.
We don't have milk or bread, and we don't have much water.
Oh, OK. Lets go this evening.
2.
How's your university?
It's great. I have of friends and there are a lot of great professors. I don't have much , but that's OK. Also I'm really busy these days, so I don't have much .
Are you enjoying it?
Sure, it's going well.
3.
How students are in your class?
We don't have many students, just eight.
That's great! You can a lot.
Right. And I can talk to the teacher a lot as well. That's good.
Do you have many in your class?
Yes, I go out with them .
Unit 15 - Contents Page
Quantifiers - A Few/A Little
Unit 15 Dialogues - Few / Little
1.
How's your job going?
It's great, now I save a little money every month.
That's great. These days I can save little money, my apartment is expensive.
Oh, that's too bad.
-----
2.
Are there any bookstores near here?
Not really, there are few bookstores near here.
So how do I buy books?
There are a few bookstores in the center of town. Let's go together this afternoon.
Thanks, that sounds great.
-----
3.
Do you like coffee?
No, I drink little coffee, it doesn't taste very good.
How about tea?
Sure, I often drink a little tea.
Do you want some?
Yes, please!
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Key Vocabulary
job
a little
money
every
month
save
apartment
expensive
bad
bookstore
few
near
buy
center
town
afternoon
taste
drink
Grammar
1. Quantifiers - Few / Little / A Few / A Little
These quantifiers are used to show a small quantity of something, for example "I have a few books" means I have a small quantity of books.
A Few
A few is used with countable nouns to show a small quantity. It is used in affirmative statements, but not negatives. We generally use any or questions. For example:
- I have a few books.
- I don't have a few books
This is incorrect.
- I don't have any books
This is correct.
- Do you have a few books?
Sometimes this is possible, but generally speaking we use any for questions, for example "Do you have any books?"
Few
There is an important difference between a few and few. Few without a is used to mean we don't have enough of something. For example:
- She has few apples in the refrigerator. (She doesn't have enough apples).
- She has a few apples in the refrigerator. (She has a small quantity of apples)
Put another way, "a few" means "a small quantity", but "few" means "not a big quantity" For example:
- A few friends came to my party. This is a positive idea, I'm happy a few people came./
- Few friends came to my party. This is a negative idea, I'm not happy because not many people came.
Notice how "a few" focuses on how many people did come, but "few" focuses on how many didn't come.
In sum, A few means a small quantity - few means not a big quantity
A Little
A little is used with uncountable nouns to show a small quantity. Again, it is generally used in affirmative statements, not negatives or questions. For example:
- I have a little orange juice.
Negatives and Questions use "any" as usual.
- I don't have a little orange juice.
This is incorrect.
- I don't have any orange juice.
This is correct
- Do you have a little orange juice?
Again, we generally use any for questions, for example "Do you have any orange juice?"
Little
As with few, there is also the same difference between a little and little. Little without a is used to mean we don't have enough of something. For example:
- She has little for breakfast. (She doesn't eat enough for breakfast).
- She has a little for breakfast. (She has a small quantity of food for breakfast).
Grammar Exercises
Complete the sentences. Use a few or a little.
Example: They want a little tea.
1. We have bananas and water.
2. Do you have any coffee?
Sure, there's in the kitchen.
3. They have some fruit and nuts.
4. She has rice and a vegetables.
6. I need days vacation.
7. You don't need a lot of salt, just use .
8. people have a lot of money, and a lot of people have money.
Grammar Exercises 2
Complete the sentences. Use a few or a little.
Example: She has a few questions.
1. He has cats.
2. Every day she drinks green tea.
3. We need help.
4. I give fish to my cat.
5. We learn every day.
6. Jane needs books.
7. I have weeks vacation.
8. He has good ideas.
9. She knows words in Spanish.
10. I need to do work.
Dialogue Exercises
Example: My name is Jeremy.
1.
How's your job going?
It's great, now I save money every month.
That's great. These days I can little money, my apartment is .
Oh, that's too bad.
2.
Are there any near here?
Not really, there are bookstores near here.
So how do I buy books?
There are bookstores in the center of town. Let's go this afternoon.
3.
Do you like coffee?
No, I drink little coffee, it doesn't very good.
How about tea?
Sure, I often drink tea.
Do you want ?
Yes, please!
Unit 16 - Contents Page
Possessive Nouns, Adjectives and Pronouns
Unit 16 Dialogues - Possessives
1.
Whose watch is this?
Oh, it's mine.
And whose pen is this?
It's Tim's, I think.
-----
2.
Whose CDs are these?
They're mine. Do you like them?
Sure, I've got the same CDs at home.
-----
3.
Who lives in that house?
Oh, that's the Jones' house. This is our house.
Your house is really nice.
Thanks.
Is this your car?
No that's not mine, it's my neighbor's. This is mine.
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Key Vocabulary
whose
watch
mine
these
CD
mine
same
Jones - a common family name
our
nice
neighbor
Grammar
1. Possessives
Possessives show who or what something belongs to - they show possession.
Most nouns can be made possessive simply by adding 's. For example:
- The restaurant's food is very good.
- David Beckham's right foot is excellent.
- You can eat an apple's skin.
If the noun is plural and ends in "s", you add just '. For example:
girls is plural and ends in "s" so:'
- The girls' books are interesting. (The girls's books are interesting)
children is plural but doesn't end in "s" so we just add 's as normal:
- The children's books are interesting.
boss ends in "s" but is not plural, so again just add 's.
- The boss's office is very big.
This can however look and sound awkward, so you can sometimes just use ' instead. For example with names:
Thomas's book, Tess's house can also be Thomas' book, Tess' house.
The basic rule is; if the noun is plural and ends in "s" add ' - otherwise just add 's.
2. Possessive Adjectives
Here are the possessive adjectives with example sentences. Notice that possessive adjectives come before the noun.
Possessive Adjective
My
Your (singular)
Her
His
Our
Your (plural)
Their
Its
Uncountable
This is my book
Your car looks great.
Her watch is expensive.
His house is on
Our dog is cute.
Your friends are nice.
This is their ball.
The cat likes its food.
| | |
3. Possessive Pronouns
Here are the possessive pronouns with example sentences. Notice they never come before nouns.
Possessive Pronoun
My
Your (singular)
Her
His
Our
Your (plural)
Their
Its
Uncountable
This book is mine.
That car is yours.
Theexpensive watch is hers.
The house on
The cute dog is ours.
Those friends are yours.
This ball is theirs.
Grammar Exercises
Make the possessive form of the nouns given.
Example: My brother's house is in
1. My shirt is purple. (friend)
2. The books are on the desk. (girls)
3. It's birthday on Monday. (John)
4. Do you have newspaper? (today)
5. The bags are in the bedroom. (children)
6. My office is next to mine. (boss)
7. Your uncle is your brother. (father)
8. Your aunt is your sister. (mother)
9. My birthdays are next month. (friends)
10. A tail is long. (monkey)
Grammar Exercises 2
Add the correct possessive adjective or pronoun.
Example: I have a pencil, it's my pencil. It's mine.
1. She has a book, it's book. It's .
2. You have an umbrella, it's umbrella. It's .
3. They have some magazines, they're magazines. They're .
4. Here is Bob's house. It's house.
5. These are Tom and Jackie's bags. They're bags.
6. I have a puppy. It's .
7.
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Dialogue Exercises
Example: My name is Jeremy.
1.
watch is this?
Oh, it's .
And whose pen is this?
It's , I think.
2.
Whose CDs are ?
They're . Do you like them?
Sure, I've the CDs at home.
There are bookstores in the center of town. Let's go this afternoon.
3.
lives in that house?
Oh, that's the Jones' house. This is house.
Your house is really nice.
Thanks.
Is this car?
No that's not mine, it's my . This is mine.
Unit 17 - Contents Page
There is/There are
Unit 17 Dialogues - There is / There are
1.
Sure, there are lots of restaurants and shops, and there's a lot of beautiful parks and museums as well.
I really want to live there.
Me too!
-----
2.
Hey, this is a great apartment.
Thanks. There's a lot of space, and there are some really nice neighbors as well.
Are there any stores near here?
Sure, there is a supermarket near here.
You have a great view!
Right. There's only one problem.
What's that?
It's really expensive!
-----
3.
Is there any pizza?
No we don't have any, sorry.
Well, are there any apples?
Er, yes, there's some in the kitchen. Help yourself.
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Key Vocabulary
there are
restaurant
shop
there is
beautiful
park
museum
there
live
apartment
space
near
nearby
view
problem
expensive
pizza
sorry
kitchen
help yourself
Grammar
1. There is / there are
"There" is a kind of pronoun used to show something you know exists.
Compare these two sentences:
- "A fly is in my soup."
- "There is a fly in my soup!"
The first sentence is factual and impersonal. The fly is the subject, and the soup is the object. In the second sentence the object is "a fly in my soup", so the subject is "There". "There" functions as a kind of dummy subject that represents a more personal perspective, rather than a factual statement.
Especially in spoken English we usually use the contraction "there's", rather than "there is".
Here are the forms of "there" in the Simple Present.
Statements
There's a tree in my garden.
There are books on the desk.
Negatives
There isn't a computer in my bedroom.
There aren't any cinemas here.
Questions
Is there a restaurant here?
Yes, there is. / No, there isn't
There is usually subject-verb agreement when using there is/there are. For example:
- There are ten students in my class.
- There is ten students in my class.
Sometimes however we can use "there is" with compound subjects, for example:
There's a bank and a post office near my house.
Grammar Exercises
Add there is or there are to the following sentences.
Example: There are many stars in the sky.
1. a fly in my soup.
(There is, There are)
2. many parks in
(There is, There are)
3. any tigers in
(There isn't, There aren't)
4. lots of hotels in big cities.
(There is, There are)
5. a bank near here?
(Is there, Are there)
6. life on Mars?
(Is there, Are there)
7. a telephone I can use?
(Is there, Are there)
8. a football game tomorrow.
(There is, There are)
9. 8 students in my class.
(There is, There are)
10. many people my town.
(There isn't, There aren't)
Grammar Exercises 2
Unscramble these sentences.
Example: are many stars the sky in there - There are many stars in the sky.
1. there's book a on desk my
2. are many trees there near house my.
3. there's some food the fridge in.
4. at 9.00 there's party a.
5. there are any cafes?
Unit 18 - Contents Page
Modal Verbs - Can/Can't
Unit 18 Dialogues - Can / Can't
1.
Can you play the piano?
Yes, a little. How about you?
No I can't, but I can play the guitar.
-----
2.
Can you cook?
Not really. I can make toast and pasta, that's all.
Everyone can make toast!
Well, can you cook?
Yes, I can. I can cook delicious fish and chicken.
Wow, that's great.
-----
3.
So what can you do?
I can draw, and I can paint really well too. I can also speak English and Korean. How about you?
I can play chess and I can write computer programs. I can also speak English and Spanish.
Excellent!
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Key Vocabulary
can
play
piano
can't
guitar
cook
delicious
fish
wow
draw
paint
Korean
chess
write
computer
computer program
Spanish
excellent
Grammar
1. Can
Can is a kind of auxiliary verb called a modal verb. Modal verbs express a particular character or mood of a verb.
Ability
Can is often used to show ability. For example: "We can speak English", or "He can sing well."
Here are the Statements
I can play the piano.
She can drive a car.
Negatives
I cannot play the piano.
She cannot drive a car. Simple Present forms of can for ability.
Questions
Can you play the piano?
Can she drive a car?
Contractions
Cannot and can't are the same: eg.
- I cannot cook well.
- I can't cook well.
Can't is much more common in spoken English.
Permission
Can is also used to show permission. For example: "You can go home after class". Here are the Simple Present forms of can for permission.
Statements
You can meet her tomorrow. - (You have permission to meet her).
Negatives
She can't come to our house. - (She doesn't have permission to visit us).
Questions
Can we go to the movies? - (Please give us permission to watch a movie).
Grammar Exercises
Add can or can't to the following sentences.
Example: You can speak English.
1. Monkeys talk.
2. Pigs fly.
3. I play the piano., but Cory can't.
4. You go on vacation. It's too expensive.
5. I borrow some money?
6. I don't know the answer. you tell me?
7. Tony come tonight, he's too busy.
8. Jim makes great food. He cook really well.
9. Excuse me, we see the movie.
10. It's too noisy. We study well.
Grammar Exercises 2
Unscramble the following sentences.
Example: speak can you English. - You can speak English.
1. you can play the violin?
2. draw they can't well.
3. play I basketball can.
4. we can come house to your?
5. she sleep can't
6. you cook can?
7. watch can television I? ,
Write about yourself. These questions qon't be marked.
I can and or
Unit 19 - Contents Page
Have/Have got
Unit 19 Dialogues - Have / Have got
1.
What have you got?
I've got a new jacket. How about you?
I've got a some new T-shirts.
-----
2.
What do your friends look like?
Greg's got brown hair, glasses and he's really tall. Cindy's got blond hair, blue eyes and she's slim.
Let's meet them together!
-----
3.
I've got a new apartment.
That's great! What's it like?
Well, it's got two bedrooms, a big living room and a bathroom.
Has it got a nice view?
Sure, you can see the ocean from my window.
That's excellent.
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Key Vocabulary
have
have got
jacket
T-shirt
look like
Greg - a boy's name
brown
hair
glasses
Cindy - a girl's name
blond
blue
eyes
slim
meet
bedroom
living room
bathroom
view
ocean
window
Grammar
1. Have - have got
"Have" and "have got" are both used to show possession. For example: "I have a pen", and "I have got a pen" have the same meaning. Here are the main points when choosing which one to use.
Have
The Simple Present forms of have are as follows.
Singular
Affirmative
I have a pen
You have a pen
She has a pen
He has a pen
It has a pen
Negative
I do not have a pen = I don't have a pen
You do not have a pen = You don't have a pen
She does not have a pen = She doesn't have a pen
He does not have a pen = He doesn't have a pen
It does not have a pen = It doesn't have a pen
Questions
Do I have a pen?
Do you have a pen?
Does she has a pen?
Does he has a pen?
Does it have a pen?
Plural
Affirmative
We have a pen
You have a pen
They have a pen
Negative
We do not have a pen = We don't have a pen
You do not have a pen = You don't have a pen
They do not have a pen = They don't have a pen
Questions
Do we have a pen?
Do you have a pen?
Do they have a pen?
You make questions with have as normal by using the auxiliary verb "to do". For example:
- Statement: You have a pen.
- Question: Do you have a pen?
- Have you a pen? This is generally incorrect, although occasionally found in British English.
The verb have is often contracted in English, but when have is used for possession you cannot use a contraction, you should use have got instead (see below). For example:
- I've a pen, He's a pen. These are incorrect.
Do not and does not can of course still be contracted to don't and doesn't. For example:
- He doesn't have a pen = He does not have a pen.
The Simple Present forms of have got are as follows.
Have got
Singular
Affirmative
I have got a pen = I've got a pen
You have got a pen = You've got a pen
She has got a pen = She's got a pen
He has got a pen = He's got a pen
It has got a pen = It's got a pen
Negative
I have not got a pen = I haven't got a pen
You have not got a pen = You haven't got a pen
She has not got a pen = She hasn't got a pen
He has not got a pen = He hasn't got a pen
It has not got a pen = It hasn't got a pen
Questions
Have I got a pen?
Have you got a pen?
Has he got a pen?
Has she got a pen?
Has it got a pen?
Plural
We have got a pen = We've got a pen
You have got a pen = You've got a pen
They have got a pen = They've got a pen
We have not got a pen = We haven't got a pen
You have not got a pen = You haven't got a pen
They have not got a pen = They haven't got a pen
Have we got a pen?
Have you got a pen?
Have they got a pen?
Affirmative statements can contract have got, for example:
- I have got some food = I've got some food.
- He has got some food = He's got some food.
Negatives contract as follows:
- I haven't got any food = I have not got any food.
- She hasn't got any food = She has not got any food.
-----
Have got is a slightly unusual form because it is a perfect tense form, something which we haven't learnt yet and which will be covered later. Also, remember that the verb have is used in many ways, but the above is only for its use for possession. The lists above may seem rather laborious, but you will quickly learn to use these verbs when you apply them to some real English usage.
Grammar Exercises
Add have, has or got to the following sentences.
Example: I've got some books.
1. They some fruit.
2. He's lots of friends.
3. I'm busy, I got a lot of time.
4. This apartment is great, it's a lot of space.
5. What have you ?
6. Do you a pen?
7. Have you a pencil?
8. We got any juice.
9. They don't much money, but they've a lot of happiness.
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Grammar Exercises 2
Unscramble these sentences.
Example: got I've books some - I've got some books.
1. Have do you dictionary a?
2. Have got you an eraser?
3. we've a computer new got
4.
5. Lots of hotels nice
6. A car hasn't she got
7. Problems he doesn't any have
8. Time lots of got we've
Unit 20 - Contents Page
Conjunctions - and, but, or, because, so
Grammar
1. Conjunctions
Conjunctions are words that conjoin things - they connect sentences and parts of a sentence. This unit deals with five conjunctions: and, but, or, so and because.
And
And is oftne used to join nouns, for example:
- I like spaghetti and pizza.
And is also used to show time sequence, for example:
- I ate spaghetti for lunch and pizza for dinner.
But
But is used to show an exception or conflict. For example:
- I like spaghetti, but I don't like hamburgers.
Or
Or is used to show choice, for example:
- You can eat spaghetti or pizza for dinner.
So
So is used to show the result of something. For example:
- I like all Italian food, so I like pizza.
So can also be used give additional information, for example:
- I like Italian food, and so does my brother.
Because
Because is used to show the cause of something. For example:
- I eat a lot of pizza because I like it.
- I study English because I want a good job.
Grammar Exercises
Complete the sentences with the correct conjunction. Use and, but, or, because, or so.
Example: I have a pen and a pencil.
1. I like rice fish for breakfast.
2. Jenny is kind smart.
3. She wants coffee not cake.
4. He works very hard, he's really tired.
5. Sue can't come tomorrow she's sick.
6. He plays soccer every day he's very good.
7. I can meet you today not tomorrow.
8. David likes small dogs not big dogs.
9. She can speak French not Itialian.
10. David's very happy he's got a new job.
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Grammar Exercises
Join the two sentences to make one sentence. Use and, but, or, because, or so.
Example: I have a pen. I have a pencil. - I have a pen and a pencil.
1. I like coffee. I like tea.
2. She has a cat. She doesn't have a dog.
3. I don't have much money. I can't buy a computer.
4. She isn't here. She's on vacation
5. Do you write with your left hand? Do you write with your right hand?
Unit 21 - Contents Page
Imperatives
Unit 21 Dialogues - Imperatives
1.
Be careful!
Why? What's wrong?
You're standing on my foot.
Oh, sorry.
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2.
Hello everybody. Please sit down and open your books.
Teacher, let's play a game!
No, today we study. Open your books, and let's start!
-----
3.
Yea, I know.
So do the dishes now! And vacuum the floor!
Why don't you do it?
I do it every day - now it's your turn.
Oh, OK. You're right, it's my turn.
Thanks.
Your welcome.
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Key Vocabulary:
be
careful
standing
foot
everybody
sit down
open
game
today
start
dirty
dishes
vacuum
floor
every day
turn
Grammar
1. Imperatives
Imperatives are used to give orders or suggestions. For example: "Come here!" or "Have a cookie".
Imperatives almost always have no subject, and the second person is usually implied as the subject instead. For example "Come here!" implies the subject "(you) Come here!".
Here are some of the situations you can use imperatives.
Orders
Close the door! - Stand up! - Sit down! - Open your books!
Instructions
To make a cup of coffee:
- Boil some water
- Put some coffee in a cup
- Add some water
- Drink the coffee.
Directions
To go to the bank
Turn left at
Offers and Invitations
- Have some tea
- Come over to our house sometime.
Let's
The verb let is often used as an imperative to give strong suggestions. Let's is a contraction of let us. For example:
- Let's go home!
- Let's watch a movie!
Grammar Exercises
Complete the sentences with the correct imperative.
Example: Answer the questions. (answer)
1. Don't ! (touch)
2. Let's shopping. (go)
3. up! (stand)
4. down! (sit)
5. the book in your bag. (put)
6. your books. (open)
7. Let's a movie. (watch)
8. Please quite. (be)
9. left at the church. (turn)
10. long and prosper. (live)
Grammar Exercises 2
Complete the sentences with the correct imperative.
Example: Answer the questions. (answer)
1. Please in (come)
2. out! (get)
3. Please your bedroom. (clean)
4. a little every day. (study)
5. Don't on the grass. (walk)
6. Mummy, me a candy! (give)
7. Don't in the building. (run)
8. Let's a game. (play)
9. I'm busy tonight, so don't for me. (wait)
10. Let's home! (go)
Unit 22 - Contents Page
Present Continuous
Unit 22 Dialogues - Present Continuous
1.
What are you doing?
I'm studying English. What are you doing?
I'm making some food. Do you want some?
Sure!
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2.
Right now I'm working at home. My friend is talking on the 'phone and my sister is studying Spanish. She wants to be a businesswoman, so she's learning a new language. I usually work at the office, but today I'm working at home. It's great fun!
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3.
How's Sarah?
She's fine. She's living in
Really!
Yes, and she's working as a fashion designer.
That's great. Is she having a good time?
Yes, she's doing really well.
Key Vocabulary:
make
food
talk
'phone
sister
businesswoman
learn
language
usually
office
fun
Sarah - a girl's name
Grammar
1. Present Continuous
The Present Continuous is used for actions that are happening around the present time. For example, "I am studying English" means that I am in the process of studying English now.
Form
The Present Continuous is formed by adding the verb "to be" and the -ing form
Singular
Affirmative
I am studying
You are studying
She is studying
He is studying
It is studying
Negative
I am not studying
You are not studying
She is not studying
He is not studying
It is not studying
Questions
Do I have a pen?
Do you have a pen?
Does she has a pen?
Does he has a pen?
Does it have a pen?
Plural
Affirmative
We are studying
You are studying
They are studying
Negative
We do not have a pen = We don't have a pen
You do not have a pen = You don't have a pen
They do not have a pen = They don't have a pen
Questions
Do we have a pen?
Do you have a pen?
Do they have a pen?
For negatives we simply add not after the auxiliary verb "to be", for example:
- I am playing - I am not playing.
For questions we invert the subject and auxiliary verb to be, for example:
- You are playing - Are you playing?
Usage
The Present Continuous is used for actions happening at the present time. For example:
- We are studying English.
- You are using a computer.
The Present Continuous is also used for processes happening around the present time. For example:
- It is raining today.
- I am working in
- The world is turning.
The time period of the first sentence is today, the second sentence one month, and the third sentence forever, but all of these sentences are about processes that happen around the present. They started before the present, are happening now, and will continue after the present. This is a key idea of the Present Continuous.
The Present Continuous is also used for repeated actions or habits. Such repetition is seen as one continuing process. For example:
- I am getting up early this week.
Obviously I'm not getting up just one time for a whole week, but during one week I will get up early every day, so this can be seen as one process.
The Present Continuous is also used for future arrangements at a particular time. For example:
- I'm going to
- She's coming to my apartment this evening.
Spelling
To make the -ing form, also known as the present participle, we usually add -ing to the verb. For example:
- study - studying
- eat - eating
- jump - jumping
For verbs ending in -e, we leave out the -e and add -ing. For example:
- write - writing: not writeing
- skat - skating: not skateing.
For verbs ending in a vowel and a consonant, we usually double the last consonant and add -ing. For example:
- run - running: not runing
- cut - cutting: not cuting
For verbs ending in -ie we change the -ie to -y and add -ing. For example:
- lie - lying: not lieing
Grammar Exercises
Complete the sentences with the correct imperative.
Example: He is eating an apple. (eat)
1. She a book. (read)
2. What ? (she / do)
3. I a letter. (write)
4. The sun . (shine)
5. The children in the park. (run)
6. We breakfast. (eat)
7. He to work today. (not / come)
8. How ? (you / do)
9. How's the weather? It . (rain)
10. You English.
Grammar Exercises 2
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
Example: He is wanting an apple. - He wants an apple.
1. I am liking pizza.
2. He are playing the piano.
3. Kelly is eat lunch.
4. She is busy now, she works.
5. I'm call my mother now.
6. It is snowing in the winter.
7. Look! It snows!
8. Are you study English?
9. I use the computer now. .
10. I am loving my family.
Unit 23 - Contents Page
Adverbs of Frequency
Unit 23 Dialogues - Adverbs of Frequency
1.
What do you do at the weekend?
I always go out on Saturday. Sometimes I go to a restaurant, and sometimes I watch a movie. I never go to concerts, but I often go to my friend's house. I always have a good time!
2.
What kind of person are you?
Well, I'm friendly and outgoing, and I'm usually very happy. I don't often complain, and I never shout or get really angry. How about you?
I'm friendly too, and I'm a little shy.
I'm always happy, but sometimes I'm very busy. I always try to have a happy face.
Me too!
3.
What are some customs in your country?
We always bow to people we meet, and we never joke about people's names.
That's good. Here we never ask about people's salary, it's rude. Also we usually aren't late for meetings.
That's good too!
Key Vocabulary:
weekend
always
sometimes
watch
movie
never
concert
often
what kind
person
friendly
outgoing
usually
complain
shout
get angry
shy
busy
face
custom
country
bow
people
meet
joke
salary
rude
late
meeting
Grammar
Adverbs of Frequency
Adverbs of frequency show how often something happens. For example: "I always brush my teeth" means I brush my teeth every day.
Here are some common adverbs of frequency.
Adverb Frequency
Always - He always eats breakfast. 100%
Usually - He usually eats breakfast. 80%
Often - He often eats breakfast. 60%
Sometimes - He sometimes eats breakfast. 40%-50%
Never - He never eats breakfast. 0%
For infrequent events we can use: 20%
Don't usually - He doesn't usually eat breakfast.
Affirmative/Negative Frequency Adverbs
Affirmative frequency adverbs can be made negative, for example:
- I don't always eat rice for breakfast.
- He doesn't usually come home late.
Negative frequency adverbs can't be made negative: for example:
- I don't never eat rice for breakfast - This is incorrect
Adverb Position
Adverb position varies greatly in English. However as a general rule, adverbs of frequency come before the main verb. For example:
These are correct: "sometimes" comes before the main verb "play"
- We sometimes play sports.
- We don't often play sports.
These are incorrect:
- We play sometimes sports.
- We don't play often sports.
Other positions are also possible, for example:
- We play sports sometimes.
Here the adverb is in the end position.
- Sometimes we come home late.
The beginning position is possible, especially when adding emphasis.
Grammar Exercises
Unscramble these sentences.
Example: get always up you 7.00 at. - You always get up at 7.00.
1. sometimes at We restaurant a eat.
2. happy always Shane is.
3. doesn't always She take a taxi.
4. often listens music Tom to.
5. is Paul never late.
6. Sally to sometimes gym goes the.
7. Dad cook sometimes dinner.
8. usually well do I math tests in.
9. looks William good always.
10. you do often study English?
Grammar Exercises 2
Write about yourself. These sentences won't be marked.
Example: I often call my family.
1. I always .
2. I often .
3. I sometimes .
4. I don't usually .
5. I never
Unit 24 - Contents Page
Prepositions of Time
Unit 24 Dialogues - Prepositions of Time
1.
What are you doing at the weekend?
On Saturday I'm meeting my friends at 2.00, and in the evening I'm watching a movie. On Sunday I'm not busy, so maybe we can go out together.
That sounds great!
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2.
I'm so busy these days!
How come?
I get up at 6.30 in the morning, and I finish work at 8.00 in the evening. It's a really long day.
You're so busy!
I know. My boss wants our project finished in March, so we're working really hard.
I think you need a holiday.
Well, in the summer I have three weeks holiday. I can't wait!
3.
Hello, this is doctor Watson's clinic. How can I help you?
Hello, this is Tyler Saunders. I'd like to make an appointment.
OK, Mr. Saunders. How about on Tuesday at 3.30?
I'm busy all day on Tuesday. Is Friday OK?
Well, the doctor can see you in the morning at 9.30.
9.30 on Friday is fine.
Very good, Mr. Saunders. We look forward to seeing you.
Thank you, good bye.
Goodbye.
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Key Vocabulary
evening
maybe
how come
finish
long
know
boss
project
March
holiday
summer
weeks
wait
clinic
appointment
Tuesday
Friday
Grammar
Prepositions of Time
Prepositions of time show the time something happens. For example: "I get up at 7.00" shows the time I get up.
Some of the most common prepositions of time are: in, on, at, from, to.
In
In is used for morning, afternoon, and evening. For example:
- I study Japanese in the afternoon.
- He gets up early in the morning.
In is also used for other periods of time, including months, seasons, years, centuries, and ages. For example:
- My birthday is in March.
- The Portuguese came to
- Flowers grow in spring.
On
On is almost always used for some kind of day. For example:
- My birthday is on March 29th.
- I go to church on Sunday.
- We visit my family on New Year's Day.
Compare: He gets up early in the morning.
But: He gets up early on Monday morning.
At
At is used for a particular time. For example:
- I study Spanish at 2.00.
- He gets up at 7.30.
- I come home at lunchtime.
At is also used for used for night.
Compare: I sleep in the afternoon.
But: I sleep at night.
From - to
From and to are used to show the start and end of a defined period of time. For example:
- I work from 9.00 to 5.00.
- Our vacation is from January 5th to February 1st.
Grammar Exercises
Write the correct preposition of time: in, on, at, from, to
Example: They get up at 8.00.
1. I'm working Saturday.
2. We have breakfast 8.30.
3. My birthday is March, 29th.
4. I work 9.00 5.00, Monday Friday.
5. We go jogging early the morning.
6. My favorite TV program starts 10.00.
7. Peter's very busy these days, so he works late night.
8. We're going to
Grammar Exercises 2
Write the correct preposition of time: in, on, at, from, to
Example: They get up at 8.00.
1. The train arrives 4.00.
2. Let's go to a restaurant Friday.
3. There are 30 days April.
4. I'm working Saturday morning, but I'm free the evening.
5. The library is open 10.00 5.30.
6. Christmas Day is December 25th.
7. I'm busy the morning, so let's meet lunchtime.
Unit 25 - Contents Page
Adjectives - Comparatives and Superlatives
Unit 25 Dialogues - Comparatives / Superlatives
1.
How's the weather in your country?
The summer is much hotter than here, and the winter is also much colder. The best time is spring, it's beautiful!
-----
2.
Which restaurant do you like?
Bella Rosa is good, they've got good food but it's expensive. McDonalds is cheaper, but it's really unhealthy. I think the Vietnamese restaurant is the best, it's the cheapest, the healthiest, and the most delicious!
-----
3.
How's your English going?
Oh, it's much better these days. It's easier than before, and I know more words and I can speak more confidently. It's great.
I'm really glad to hear it. Keep up the great work!
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Key Vocabulary
weather
country
summer
hotter
colder
best
expensive
cheaper
unhealthy
Vietnamese
cheapest
healthiest
most delicious
better
these days
easier
before
know
words
more confidently
Grammar
Comparatives and Superlatives
Comparatives show more or less of a particular attribute, they compare things. Comparatives are generally used for comparing two things, and superlatives are used for comparing three or more things.
If it's clear what we are comparing to, then we can just use the comparative form on its own. For example:
- I am faster.
- She is older.
Otherwise we use than before the thing we are comparing to. For example:
I am faster than John.
She is taller than me.
Superlative forms don't use than and are always preceded by the definite article the. For example:
- I am the tallest student in my school.
Comparatives
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One-Syllable Adjectives
To make a comparative from an adjective with one syllable, we add -er to the adjective, for example:
- slow - slower
- fast - faster
- tall - taller
- short - shorter
To make a comparative from a one syllable adjective ending in -e, we just add -r. For example:
- nice - nicer
- large - larger
If the one syllable adjective ends in a vowel and a consonant, we double the consonant. For example:
- big - bigger
- hot - hotter
- thin - thinner
Two-Syllable Adjectives
If the adjective has two or more syllables, we add more before the adjective.
For example:
This book is more expensive than that book.
This picture is more beautiful.
However there are many exceptions to this one/two-sylllable rule.
Some two-syllable words behave like one-syllable ones: For example:
This is easier - Correct
This is more easy - Incorrect.
This is simpler - Correct
This is more simple - Incorrect
And some adjectives can use both comparatives forms: For example
- clever - cleverer - more clever: These are all correct.
- quiet - quieter - more quiet: These are all correct.
Exceptions cannot be learnt through rules, the best way to learn them is simply to pick them up case by case.
Superlatives
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One-Syllable Adjectives
To make a superlative from an adjective with one syllable, we add -est to the adjective, for example:
- slow - slowest
- fast - fastest
- tall - tallestr
- short - shortest
To make a superlative from a one syllable adjective ending in -e, we just add -st. For example:
- nice - nicest
- large - largest
If the one syllable adjective ends in a vowel and a consonant, we double the consonant. For example:
- big - biggest
- hot - hottest
- thin - thinnest
Two-Syllable Adjectives
If the adjective has two or more syllables, we add most before the adjective.
For example:
This book is the most expensive book.
This picture is the most beautiful picture in the museum.
Irregular Forms
There are a few irregular forms. Below gives the adjective, comparative, and superlative forms.
good - better - best
bad - worse - worst
far - farther - farthest
far - further - furthest
little - less - least
much/many - more - most
For example:
You are the best student in the world!
I am far from home, he is further from home, but he is the furthest from home.
Grammar Exercises
Write the comparative form of the adjectives given.
Example: An elephant is bigger than a lion. (big)
1. The
2. I'm than Yuri but than Miko. (tall, short)
3. They're than us, but we're than them. (handsome, smart)
4. This book bag is than that bag. (expensive)
5. This newspaper is than that newspaper. (good)
6. Soda juice tastes than fruit juice. (bad)
7. Today is than yesterday. (warm)
8. This TV program is . (interesting)
Grammar Exercises 2
Write the comparative or superlative form of the adjectives given.
Example:
1. The
2.
3. The blue team got score and the red team got (good, bad)
4. This is ticket to
5. MinWoo is student in our class. (hard-working)
6. This is movie in the world. (boring)
7. My sister is person in my family. (young)
8. The word in English is pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis. (long)